{"id":1103,"date":"2020-02-10T15:53:16","date_gmt":"2020-02-10T14:53:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/slowtechinstitute.org\/?page_id=1103"},"modified":"2020-11-09T22:27:02","modified_gmt":"2020-11-09T21:27:02","slug":"dotykove-aplikace-pro-nejmensi-kdy-jak-a-proc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/slowtechinstitute.org\/en\/dotykove-aplikace-pro-nejmensi-kdy-jak-a-proc\/","title":{"rendered":"Dotykov\u00e9 aplikace pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed \u2013 kdy, jak a pro\u010d?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Asi v\u0161ichni si tajn\u011b p\u0159ejeme, aby se na\u0161e d\u00edt\u011b t\u011b\u0161ilo dobr\u00e9mu zdrav\u00ed, zv\u00eddav\u011b zkoumalo sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed, byst\u0159e reagovalo a kvalitn\u011b rozv\u00edjelo sv\u00e9 rozumov\u00e9 schopnosti. V\u0161ichni tak\u00e9 moc dob\u0159e v\u00edme, \u017ee velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z t\u011bchto v\u011bc\u00ed se d\u00e1 velice dob\u0159e ovlivnit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou a kvalitou interakce \u2013 v uvozovk\u00e1ch \u201csta\u010d\u00ed\u201d se mu nebo j\u00ed l\u00e1skypln\u011b a \u010dasto v\u011bnovat, prosed\u011bt si na kolenou d\u00edry od v\u0161emo\u017en\u00fdch d\u011btsk\u00fdch her na zemi, navrhovat b\u011bhem dne velice r\u016fznorod\u00e9 aktivity, kter\u00e9 zapoj\u00ed postupn\u011b v\u0161echny smysly\u2026 a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nezapom\u00ednat na fyzick\u00e9 aktivity.<\/p>\n

I t\u011bm nejlep\u0161\u00edm mamink\u00e1m a tat\u00ednk\u016fm ale zkr\u00e1tka n\u011bkdy dojdou s\u00edly a n\u00e1pady a nechaj\u00ed se zl\u00e1kat m\u00e9dii. Televizn\u00edch po\u0159ad\u016f pro d\u011bti a d\u011btsk\u00fdch mobiln\u00edch aplikac\u00ed je tolik, \u017ee je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 se v nich vyznat. Nav\u00edc v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich se honos\u00ed popisem, kter\u00fd slibuje rozumov\u00fd, kreativn\u00ed a kdov\u00edjak\u00fd v\u00fdvoj pro va\u0161e d\u00edt\u011b (\u017ee by se jeden ob\u010das styd\u011bl, \u017ee jim to nechce dop\u0159\u00e1t). Tak pro\u010d toho v\u0161eho nevyu\u017e\u00edt? Jen\u017ee \u2013 jsou v\u0161echny opravdu tak dobr\u00e9? Podle \u010deho vyb\u00edrat a jak nastavit pravidla pro jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed? A jak zajistit, \u017ee d\u00edte nep\u0159estane m\u00edt z\u00e1jem o aktivity, kter\u00e9 se neodehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed na obrazovce?<\/p>\n

Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na mobiln\u00ed aplikace, televizn\u00ed po\u0159ady rozebereme jindy. V\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch mobiln\u00edch aplikac\u00ed pro d\u011bti je dnes tak rychl\u00fd, \u017ee na n\u011bj odborn\u00edci nesta\u010d\u00ed reagovat<\/strong>. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 kontrola softwaru, kter\u00fd s\u00e1m sebe ozna\u010duje za vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed<\/strong>. Bohu\u017eel ani v\u011bdci, ani v\u011bdkyn\u011b nemaj\u00ed nemaj\u00ed v\u017edy jasno v tom, kdy do d\u011btsk\u00fdch aktivit tablet za\u010d\u00edt zapojovat, jak \u010dasto, jak dlouho a jak\u00fd typ aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 pediatrick\u00e1 asociace (AAP) je instituc\u00ed propojuj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u011bdce a d\u011btsk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159e, kter\u00e1 se dlouhodob\u011b vyjad\u0159uje k t\u011bmto ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m. A\u017e do roku 2013 AAP nedoporu\u010dovala d\u011btem do dvou let konzumovat jak\u00fdkoliv obsah z obrazovek \u2013 video, televize (i tu takzvan\u011b na pozad\u00ed pu\u0161t\u011bnou), mobiln\u00ed a tabletov\u00e9 aplikace. Pro d\u011bti nad dva roky pak doporu\u010dovala omezit takov\u00fd \u010das na maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dv\u011b hodiny denn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Od lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku se AAP za\u010dala pozitivn\u011bji, ale st\u00e1le velice opatrn\u011b, vyjad\u0159ovat o dotykov\u00fdch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch aplikac\u00edch. Oproti televizi zde vyzdvihuje interakci, kter\u00e1 se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt u\u010den\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed velice p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e1. Z m\u00e1la studi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 k u\u010den\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed s dotykov\u00fdmi aplikacemi existuj\u00ed, lze prozat\u00edm vyvodit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 5 doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

1. Pe\u010dliv\u011b vyb\u00edrejte obsah<\/strong><\/h3>\n

D\u011bti se nejl\u00e9pe u\u010d\u00ed z interakce s re\u00e1ln\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm. Maj\u00ed ale n\u011bkdy probl\u00e9m si propojit obr\u00e1zky z obrazovky se sv\u00fdm bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm sv\u011btem. Obecn\u011b fotografick\u00fd vizu\u00e1l bude p\u0159\u00ednosn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a tak\u00e9 obsah, kter\u00fd d\u00edt\u011b zn\u00e1. Zkr\u00e1tka nejlep\u0161\u00ed je takov\u00fd obsah, kter\u00fd kop\u00edruje jeho vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enost. Dbejte i na to, aby interakce postavi\u010dek na obrazovce byly dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem pro jeho vlastn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b pasivn\u00ed m\u00e9dia, jako nap\u0159. sledov\u00e1n\u00ed poh\u00e1dek nevede k p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 efektivn\u00edmu u\u010den\u00ed. Nap\u0159. d\u00edt\u011b do 2 let mo\u017en\u00e1 bude napodobovat aktivity postavi\u010dek z videa, ale pouh\u00fdm sledov\u00e1n\u00edm u\u017e nen\u00ed schopn\u00e9 zlep\u0161it svou slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu.<\/p>\n

2. Hrajte spole\u010dn\u011b<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pom\u00e1hejte d\u011btem p\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed s aplikacemi. Pov\u00eddejte si s nimi o tom, co vid\u00ed, ptejte se jich, motivujte je k pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a ukazov\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00edt\u011b se rychleji u\u010d\u00ed a l\u00e9pe poznatky integruje do sv\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti.<\/p>\n

Ale ano \u2013 jsem matka, a tak v\u00edm, \u017ee technologie rodi\u010de vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na ve chv\u00edl\u00edch, kdy se pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u011bnovat dal\u0161\u00edmu d\u00edt\u011bti, dom\u00e1cnosti nebo pr\u00e1ci. Zjist\u011bte tedy, o \u010dem aplikace je a v r\u00e1mci spole\u010dn\u00e9 hry pak poukazujte na v\u011bci z virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b okolo v\u00e1s. Pokud je hra o ka\u010d\u00e1tku, zahrajte si spole\u010dnou hru o n\u011bm, nebo vyra\u017ete k \u0159ece a prozkoumejte ho na\u017eivo. Jestli byla hra o barvi\u010dk\u00e1ch, t\u0159i\u010fte spolu barevn\u00e9 pr\u00e1dlo, nebo na proch\u00e1zce hledejte \u010derven\u00e1 auta.<\/p>\n

3. Dohodn\u011bte si limity<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Denn\u00ed nebo t\u00fddenn\u00ed limit pro hran\u00ed nau\u010d\u00ed d\u011bti trp\u011blivosti a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu. M\u016f\u017eete se s d\u00edt\u011btem dohodnout i na po\u010dtu aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v jednu chv\u00edli na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nainstalovan\u00fd. Bude o nich kriticky p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let. U men\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed limit stanovujte s ohledem na to, kolik hodin jsou b\u011bhem dne vzh\u016fru, mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e1s p\u0159ekvap\u00ed, \u017ee na fyzick\u00e9 a kreativn\u00ed aktivity jim zb\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasu m\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n

4. Trvejte na tech-free \u010dasech a z\u00f3n\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/h3>\n

J\u00eddlo a us\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed by se m\u011blo obej\u00edt bez mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. D\u011bti, kter\u00e9 \u0161patn\u011b jed\u00ed, se mo\u017en\u00e1 nau\u010d\u00ed hezky j\u00edst s poh\u00e1dkou, ale v\u0161echny dal\u0161\u00ed ob\u011bdy bez poh\u00e1dky budou st\u00e1t spoustu k\u0159iku a nerv\u016f na obou stran\u00e1ch. Pop\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte, kter\u00fd \u010das a prostor v byt\u011b chcete ponechat jen voln\u00e9 kreativn\u00ed h\u0159e, kam tablety a telefony nesm\u00ed.<\/p>\n

5. Jd\u011bte p\u0159\u00edkladem<\/strong><\/h3>\n

D\u011bti jen kop\u00edruj\u00ed sv\u00e9 rodi\u010de. V\u0161\u00edmejte si proto i sv\u00e9ho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s m\u00e9dii. Obrac\u00edte se b\u011bhem dne \u010dasto k zapl\u00e9mu notebooku na stole? Jak \u010dasto kontrolujete sv\u016fj mobiln\u00ed telefon a jak dlouh\u00fd \u010das na n\u011bm tr\u00e1v\u00edte?<\/p>\n

A v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b, v\u017edy, ne\u017e d\u00e1te d\u00edt\u011bti do ruky tablet, ptejte se \u201cCo by d\u011blalo m\u00edsto toho?\u201d \u0160lo by o produktivn\u00ed nebo kreativn\u00ed \u010das?<\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/p>\n

Brown, A., Shifrin, D.L., Hill, D.L. (2015). Beyond \u2018turn it off\u2019: How to advise families on media use. AAP News, Vol 36(10).<\/p>\n

Lerner, C., Barr, R. (2014). Key Research Findings Screen Sense: Setting the Record Straight. Research-Based Guidelines for Screen Use for Children Under 3 Years Old.hg\\<\/p>\n

Autor: Michaela Slussareff<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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Asi v\u0161ichni si tajn\u011b p\u0159ejeme, aby se na\u0161e d\u00edt\u011b t\u011b\u0161ilo dobr\u00e9mu zdrav\u00ed, zv\u00eddav\u011b zkoumalo sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed, byst\u0159e reagovalo a kvalitn\u011b rozv\u00edjelo sv\u00e9 rozumov\u00e9 schopnosti. V\u0161ichni tak\u00e9 moc dob\u0159e v\u00edme, \u017ee velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z t\u011bchto v\u011bc\u00ed se d\u00e1 velice dob\u0159e ovlivnit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou a kvalitou interakce \u2013 v uvozovk\u00e1ch \u201csta\u010d\u00ed\u201d se mu nebo j\u00ed l\u00e1skypln\u011b a \u010dasto v\u011bnovat, prosed\u011bt si na…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":953,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"my-templates\/template-fullwidth.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/slowtechinstitute.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1103"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/slowtechinstitute.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/slowtechinstitute.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/slowtechinstitute.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/slowtechinstitute.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1103"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/slowtechinstitute.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1328,"href":"http:\/\/slowtechinstitute.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1103\/revisions\/1328"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/slowtechinstitute.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/slowtechinstitute.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}